Thermal pollution and thermal shocks are caused by increasing or lowering the temperature of water, which can harm aquatic life. Many aquatic animals depend on a particular temperature to reproduce and survive, and they can die even if temperatures change even slightly. Warmer water can also decrease dissolved oxygen levels, making it difficult for some species to survive. One source of thermal pollution is rain water runoff that warms up as it travels over hot driveways, sidewalks and streets. When pavement reaches a temperature of 100 degress Fahrenheit, it can raise the temperature of rain water runoff by as much as 25 degrees! The warm water eventually makes it into storm drains which lead directly to local streams and rivers in many communities.
Viewer Tip: Asphalt, tar and other dark pavement materials absorb and hold heat, even after the sun sets. If you are thinking about adding or replacing a walkway or driveway at your home, consider using materials that are less likely to absorb heat, such as gravel, grass, or mulch. Not only will these materials stay cool, but they’ll also allow rain water to soak into the ground instead of running off into the street.
Season: Summer
(Sources: Environmental Science: A Global Concern, Cunningham & Cunningham, 2007; NASA. “Coastal Cities Turn Up the Heat on Rainfall.” http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2003/0523urbanrainfall.html; US Department of Agriculture)
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