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In Brief: Nights are warmer than they were in the early 1970s, which exacerbates the urban heat island effect and heat related health problems.
Heat waves – which in the United States kill up to 1,000 people per year – are defined as prolonged periods of abnormally hot weather. They can occur at any time [...]

Warm ocean surface temperatures in the North Atlantic provide the warm and moist air that fuels hurricanes, which develop out of random disturbances in the tropics that provide the spark for these storms. Warmer waters in the North Atlantic generally mean more fuel for the storms. But did you know that surface temperature conditions in [...]

In Brief: Persistently cool conditions in the eastern tropical Pacific during the Middle Ages led to drought in the southwestern United States.
Conditions in the tropical Pacific influence weather throughout the world. On a cycle of two to seven years, the eastern tropical Pacific moves from cool (La Niña) conditions to warm (El Niño) conditions. While [...]

When put in 2000 US dollars, freezing rain (ice storm) events in America caused an estimated 16.3 billion dollars in total losses between 1949 and 2000 due to downed power lines, downed trees, agricultural losses, transportation accidents and medical costs from injuries due to slippery conditions. Freezing rain events are most frequent in the Northeast, [...]

The recent cold snap may be the most severe the eastern United States has experienced in more than 30 years. Do a few weeks of cold temperatures in one region of the world mean that global warming has stopped?
There are a few variables to consider – the behavior of the Arctic Oscillation, the ratio of [...]

In Brief: Soybeans may produce more antioxidants during years of extreme temperature and drought.
A study conducted on Maryland soybeans between 1999 and 2002 found that extreme weather events actually increase the antioxidant levels in the soybean crop. 1999 and 2001 growing season temperature and precipitation levels were normal and the crops exhibited normal levels of [...]

December is East Coast Winter Storm (ECWS) season. These storms are powered by warm water that flows from the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream current flows along the Eastern Seaboard past Florida and the Carolinas before reaching Cape Hatteras, where the warm water heads out into the Atlantic. ECWS’s travel northward along the coast causing [...]

Along with heavy rains and high winds, the impacts of landfalling hurricanes and tropical storms also include more tornado formation. The larger the tropical cyclone and the longer it spends over land, the greater the probability that tornadoes will form as the system moves. Since 1995 in the Gulf of Mexico, hurricane strength has increased [...]

Better drought prediction systems could potentially save billions of dollars. Current prediction systems largely rely on observations of the circumstances surrounding past droughts to understand the factors that led to drying. New research reveals that:
•    Drought in the southern Great Plains states, such as the 1946-1956 drought, can be largely explained by persistently cool [...]

The concepts of weather extremes and thresholds are tightly coupled and important to remember when planning effective and reliable infrastructure. For example, just one day of extreme heat, even if it falls during a particularly cool summer, can cause railroad tracks to buckle and transportation systems to shut down. Extreme rainfall can have similar effects; [...]

The torrential rainfall and storm surges associated with hurricane landfall events can cause what are known as “overwash deposits” that leave definitive marks in the sediment layers that accumulate in coastal areas. Analyses of sediment cores from various locations along the Eastern Seaboard and Puerto Rico show that for the last 1500 years, Atlantic Hurricanes [...]

In North America over the last 50 years, average nighttime low temperatures have risen faster than average daytime high temperatures. There has been a 50 percent increase in the number of unusually warm nights and nights that fell into the top tenth percentile in terms of temperature for the climate of the 1950’s now fall [...]

While Phoenix has always been hot for U.S. standards, over the last 50 years the city has been getting even hotter. The average number of days per year when the temperature is over 100 degrees has doubled over this time period. Part of this is likely due to the Urban Heat Island effect, which has [...]

As Earth warms, the water cycle intensifies. While this means more total rainfall for some regions, it also means that more rainfall comes in the form of heavy and extreme events and periods between rainfall events become longer. Longer periods without rain and higher temperatures lead to losses of soil moisture; if drying of the [...]

Heat waves, defined as three or more consecutive days when temperatures exceed 90 degrees Fahrenheit, can create public health hazards. In the United States, heat and drought account for the biggest share of hazard-related deaths at 19.6 percent. Death rates rise an average of six percent during heat waves and over the 20th century, the [...]

In terms of total annual rainfall, most of the United States became “wetter” over the 20th century. Most of this increase, however, is being expressed in “extreme” rainfall events, which are now more frequent and even more extreme than they were in the 1950s. In the Great Plains, for example, the amount of rain that [...]

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation, the periodic “sloshing” back and forth of warm water between the eastern and western tropical Pacific, is believed to affect the frequency of tropical cyclone development in the North Atlantic. Specifically, during La Niña phases (when the waters off the west coast of South America are unusually cool) circulation in the [...]

In terms of total annual rainfall, most of the United States became “wetter” over the 20th century. Most of this increase, however, is being expressed in “extreme” rainfall events, which are now more frequent and even more extreme than they were in the 1950s. In the Southeast, for example, the amount of rain that falls [...]

In terms of total annual rainfall, most of the United States became “wetter” over the 20th century. Most of this increase, however, is being expressed in “extreme” rainfall events, which are now more frequent and even more extreme than they were in the 1950s. In the upper-Midwest, for example, the amount of rain that falls [...]

In terms of total annual rainfall, most of the United States became “wetter” over the 20th century. Most of this increase, however, is being expressed in “extreme” rainfall events, which are now more frequent and even more extreme than they were in the 1950s. In the Northeast, for example, the amount of rain that falls [...]